The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of the brain and is responsible for higher brain functions such as thinking, perceiving, and planning. It is divided into four lobes - the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes - each responsible for different functions. Research in this area focuses on understanding how the cerebral cortex develops, functions, and how damage to this area can impact cognition and behavior. This research is critical for understanding neural processes underlying complex behaviors and for developing treatments for neurological disorders.